In puberty, measured by who is on the wall above the pee. Plucking the life experience and making sure that, whatever the outcome, sparks fly at the same competitors, moving to higher matter. For example, who drives a car better. Any dispute will inevitably spills over into a discussion about how better to drive - front or rear. And only a few wheel-drive sedans owners listen to this debate with a condescending smile. They know exactly what the best drive - front and rear simultaneously. STEP BY GRAN.A seriously speaking, the SUVs have gone into everyday life with racing podium. In real life, they may be of interest only to those who really loves to ride. More precisely, who operates a vehicle, regardless of the season: rain, snow, mud or ice. On dry pavement and in temper of the average driver does not need four-wheel drive. This driver is simply not pochuvstvuet.Proizvoditeli AWD versions of popular sedans and station wagons are not counting on the fact that their owners will use Mercedes 4Matic or Golf 4Motion as the Jeep crashed on dirt road. The best that can count owner-wheel-drive sedan, and in this it differs "from cross" from ordinary mortals - is an increased chance to get out of the snow-covered yard in the morning or get to the calm suburban area in the autumn and spring soil rasputitse.Konstruktory installed on four-wheel drive cars to their owners much more confident feel in difficult road conditions - on a snowy road in the mountains, on the asphalt. Even the novice driver knows what to him is fraught with failure of the car into a skid, for example, by passing tough povorota.Zadnyaya axle is constantly striving to slip out of rotation - if this process is not controlled, then the car starts to rotate around its axis. It is known that there are certain rules of inference machines from skid-specific front and rear wheel drive, but the statistics say and that quite often people get into accidents, moving from the "classics" on the front-wheel drive cars and naoborot.Polnoprivodnye much more democratic in its behavior and often provide its owner with a little edge to cross what is permitted: the road race on the brink of a foul. Limits on allowable speed during cornering is much higher. So the four-wheel drive - it is the speed and adrenaline. FEE RISK.Ne fooled by the presence of such vehicles nameplate "4x4" or "4WD", remember once and for all - not SUVs. As a rule, all-wheel drive sedans not install the transfer case with a decreasing series. It's the same car for public roads, but they are usually more expensive than their "odnoprivodnyh" sobratev.My chosen for your test, three business-class sedan. Mercedes E-Klasse 280 4Matic (the price difference from the usual "big eyes" - about $ 4.5 thousand), Audi A6 2.4 Quattro (the difference - $ 4 thousand) and the Subaru Legacy 2.5. Cars vary in price, but similar to the principles and fairly subjective ideologii.Vybor - saloon, hatchback and wagon-wheel drive transmission to be made by many firms. This is mainly generalists (Volvo, VW, Mitsubishi), but they are usually different from the simple versions of the higher klirensom.Est still emphasized sports cars - VW Golf and Bora, Subaru Impreza, on the way Volvo S60. In these four-wheel drive cars - a tribute to sports fashion. But the principle laid down in their construction does not change - for him and will be discussed. GOOD MERIN.Na Mercedes-wheel drive system primarily affects the philosophy of the firm - the classic "Mercedes", rear-drive sedan should be. Therefore, the torque split between front and rear wheels in a ratio of 35:65 percent. This ratio is constant and does not change ever. Distribution efforts through the motor mechanical razdatku which is integrated into the end of the box pretty well peredach.4Matic "drags" on a bad road car, despite the fact that all three differentials are not equipped with locks. Mercedes, as usual, went to "their way" to get to work on four-wheel drive system ETS (electronic control of traction). Maybe it is correct - installing ETS, as part of the regular braking system is cheap, while it is compact and nadezhna.Printsip of ETS is that if one wheel starts to slip, that is, loses grip, it immediately slows down. Accordingly, the output torque being transferred to another wheel, which is still "pulling" the car. If you are skidding full front or rear wheels, they are still slow. Effort through the center differential will be taken back or forward, respectively, but still at a ratio of 35:65. Forced system shutdown is not provided by ETS - it automatically removes its control over the front wheels at a speed exceeding 80 km / h and at the rear - more than 120 km / h. Furrow not PORTIT.Nash test drive showed that the Mercedes 4Matic proved to be the "nepolnoprivodnym" among his distant relatives. In the sense that his behavior is too reminiscent of the classic rear-wheel drive sedan manners. With a sharp start from a place on the snowy surface of the rear wheels while working with the slip - the front is too small an effort to immediately begin to drag the car forward. But in the beginning of the acceleration is not typical for rear-wheel drive wobble backwards "Some Like It Hot" - even the 35 "front" interest sufficient to maintain a given exchange rate ustoychivost.V turns on an empty Khodynka irritates the presence of ESP (Stability). It instantly "choking" the engine if the vehicle is at least a little goes a zanos.V eventually we found that wheel-drive system on the Mercedes was created solely to enhance the security management. Attached to the car with a three-beam star on the hood of even shade off as an engineer for Daimler-Benz and had no idea. POPULAR MEHANIKA.Polny drive the Audi A6 is built on a different principle - no electronics, clean mechanics. The basis of Quattro - spoiler Torsen. In the late 50s came up with his engineer Glezman. Name - an abbreviation of the two English words and torque sensing, which can be loosely translated as "Seize the moment." Because torsen something like this up and running. In the "resting" on a dry asphalt flat effort from the engine transmitted to the front and rear axles at a ratio of 50:50. And when the wheels slip differential begins to "chase" pull the axles within 25 to 75 percent. That is, depending on conditions, A6 periodically done little more than front-, more zadneprivodnym.Opisat work of such a mechanism is rather complicated. We will try to explain to his fingers, as these hedgehogs copulating. Differential integrated into the gearbox and a sealed enclosure from which emerge two shafts, roughly speaking, the front and rear axle. Both are hard shaft zatseplenii.Differentsial torsen tracks not spin the wheels, and their grip in the "contact points", experts say. That is responsive to the force needed at the moment the wheels to rotate properly and push / pull the car in the right direction. The redistribution of effort from the engine is at the right time almost immediately, in accordance with road conditions. Sit down and visited our test VEDI.Na Audi A6 2.4 liter engine with manual transmission and. Incidentally, in this case, no matter what Mercedes and Subaru were staffed by "guns". According to the "Autopilot", the purity of the experiment was fully respected. First of all, Mercedes 4Matic is practically only with automatic transmission due to the orientation of the American market. Subaru, which will be discussed below, can be purchased with a manual, but the demand was Automatic. Second, all three cars full of drive in any mode works as if by itself, without requiring extra body movements by voditelya.Itak, Audi A6 Quattro. The most well-balanced machine, completely devoid of prejudice front or rear drive. The only one who was a simple highway tires and is not confounded nameplate Quattro. With a sharp start from a place he confidently move into the snowy distance, not even trying to go astray, the scheduled driver. When one or even two wheels fell on the ice, "bald spots", could simply be refined driving direction - no desire to break into a skid! By their behavior is very predictable car from all the "trinity": it simply and without hesitation went back to where he wants his boss. HAMELEON.Marka Subaru of life is associated with people with stroke. And few people think that engineers have put into it is based entirely different principle than a Mercedes or Audi. Hard distribution of torque between axles in the Subaru opposed to the system automatically adapts to road usloviyam.V our disposal a Legacy sedan with automatic transmission. In normal traffic conditions, on dry pavement, 90 percent of torque is transferred to the front wheels. If they slip up to the moment redistribution 50:50. This is possible due to special clutch gearbox, which works on the principle of common coupling. Only in it than one disc, but many. And the friction that is detrimental to any clutch is for the benefit of Subaru. On all four wheels are fixed Legacy special sensors that monitor the rotational speed of the vehicle axles. As soon as it grows - that is, when active slip - the sensor sends a signal to the hydraulic drive, which begins to press clutch plates, clutch discs gradually increasing with each other. Part of traction "shown" to be sent to the front axle and rear kolesa.V cars with manual gearbox coupling plays a role viskomufty. The difference is the absence of hydraulic drives. Wheels just spin in a special fluid, which increases friction (at the time slip) starts actively to thicken. Clutch discs increases traction and is redistributed in favor of those wheels that have a better grip. The system of reliable, time-tested, but works with a little delay, in contrast to the hydro clutch. Legacy Auto to provide position and L, which means a lower gear. When you turn it on draft force, transmitted from the engine to the wheels, increasing by about half. In models with the manual provides manual downshifting. GTO.Pri badge to its low relative to its two competitors, the cost of Subaru Legacy was the most passable of all the "crooks" and delighted us in this sport. Yes, the sudden start from a place on the pavement covered with ice-cold porridge, his conduct in the first second - frankly Tractors. Launch trajectory has slightly adjusted the wheel. But in the races on snow-covered field Khodynka this feeling completely lost. Moreover, to drop the car at the request of the photographer in the drift was from the first time, not so easy. Legacy "agreed" to demonstrate an active bank only during simultaneous operation while driving a gas-brake-gas. This sporty nature. So, for "sedan" full drive should not win the virgin lands. Four-wheel drive passenger cars on - the system is more complicated and therefore more expensive to maintain and repair. Third, four-wheel drive - ideal for the ambitious driver who wants to have a business class car, but do not depend on the whims of urban weather and enjoy the ride every day.
No comments:
Post a Comment